New Orleans "The Big Easy", "NOLA", and "City of New Orleans"
The Big Easy , NOLA , and City of New Orleans .
New Orleans, Louisiana City of New Orleans From top clockwise: View of the Central Business District and Mercedes-Benz Superdome, an RTA Streetcar passing through Mid-City, a view of Royal Street in the French Quarter, a typical New Orleans mansion off St.
From top clockwise: View of the Central Business District and Mercedes-Benz Superdome, an RTA Streetcar passing through Mid-City, a view of Royal Street in the French Quarter, a typical New Orleans mansion off St.
Flag of New Orleans, Louisiana Flag Official seal of New Orleans, Louisiana New Orleans, Louisiana is positioned in the US New Orleans, Louisiana - New Orleans, Louisiana Census. The New Orleans urbane region (New Orleans Metairie Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area) had a populace of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th biggest in the United States. The New Orleans Metairie Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area, a larger trading area, had a 2010 populace of 1,452,502. It is well known for its distinct French and Spanish Creole architecture, as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. New Orleans is also famous for its cuisine, music (particularly as the place of birth of jazz), and its annual celebrations and festivals, most prominently Mardi Gras, dating to French colonial times.
New Orleans is positioned in southeastern Louisiana, straddling the Mississippi River.
The town/city and Orleans Parish (French: paroisse d'Orleans) are coterminous. The town/city and church are bounded by the churches of St.
Main articles: History of New Orleans and Timeline of New Orleans See also: New Orleans in the American Civil War La Nouvelle-Orleans (New Orleans) was established May 7, 1718, by the French Mississippi Company, under the direction of Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, on territory inhabited by the Chitimacha.
During the American Revolutionary War, New Orleans was an meaningful port for smuggling aid to the rebels, transporting military equipment and supplies up the Mississippi River.
Bernardo de Galvez y Madrid, Count of Galvez successfully launched a southern campaign against the British from the town/city in 1779. New Orleans (Spanish: Nueva Orleans) remained under Spanish control until 1803, when it reverted briefly to French oversight.
Thousands of refugees from the violent revolution, both caucasians and no-charge citizens of color (affranchis or gens de couleur libres), appeared in New Orleans, often bringing slaves of African descent with them.
Army regulars, a large contingent of Tennessee state militia, Kentucky riflemen, Choctaw fighters, and small-town privateers (the latter led by the pirate Jean Lafitte), to decisively defeat the British troops, led by Sir Edward Pakenham, in the Battle of New Orleans on January 8, 1815.
As a principal port, New Orleans played a primary part amid the antebellum era in the Atlantic slave trade.
Its port also handled huge quantities of commodities for export from the interior and imported goods from other countries, which were warehoused and transferred in New Orleans to lesser vessels and distributed the length and breadth of the vast Mississippi River watershed.
Even with its part in the slave trade, New Orleans at the same time had the biggest and most prosperous improve of no-charge persons of color in the nation, who were often educated and middle-class property owners. Dwarfing in populace the other metros/cities in the antebellum South, New Orleans had the biggest slave market in the domestic slave trade, which period after the United States' ending of the global trade in 1808.
The populace of the town/city doubled in the 1830s and by 1840, New Orleans had turn into the wealthiest and the third-most crowded city in the nation. Large numbers of German and Irish immigrants began arriving in the 1840s, working as workers in the busy port.
Mississippi River steamboats at New Orleans, 1853.
With the predominance of English speakers in the town/city and state, that language had already turn into dominant in company and government. By the end of the 19th century, French usage in the town/city had faded decidedly ; it was also under pressure from new immigrants: English speakers such as the Irish, and other Europeans, such as the Italians and Germans. However, as late as 1902 "one-fourth of the populace of the town/city spoke French in ordinary daily intercourse, while another two-fourths was able to understand the language perfectly," and as late as 1945, one still encountered elderly Creole women who spoke no English. The last primary French language journal in New Orleans, L'Abeille de la Nouvelle-Orleans (New Orleans Bee), ceased printed announcement on December 27, 1923, after ninety-six years. According to some sources, Le Courrier de la Nouvelle Orleans continued until 1955. The starving citizens of New Orleans under Union occupation amid the Civil War, 1862 Violence throughout the South, especially the Memphis Riots of 1866 followed by the New Orleans Riot in July of that year, resulted in Congress passing the Reconstruction Act and the Fourteenth Amendment, to extend the protections of full peoplehip to freedmen and no-charge citizens of color.
(The next African American to serve as governor of an American state was Douglas Wilder, propel in Virginia in 1989.) New Orleans even directed a racially-integrated enhance school fitness amid this period.
New Orleans' large improve of well-educated, often French-speaking no-charge persons of color (gens de couleur libres), who had been no-charge before to the Civil War, sought to fight back against Jim Crow.
Plessy boarded a commuter train departing New Orleans for Covington, Louisiana, sat in the car reserved for caucasians only, and was arrested.
Throughout New Orleans' history, until the early 20th century when medical and scientific advances ameliorated the situation, the town/city suffered repeated epidemics of yellow fever and other tropical and infectious diseases.
New Orleans' zenith as an economic and populace center, in relation to other American cities, occurred in the decades before to 1860.
At this time New Orleans was the nation's fifth-largest town/city and was decidedly larger than all other American South populace centers. New Orleans continued to increase in populace from the mid-19th century forward , but rapid economic expansion shifted to other areas of the country, meaning that New Orleans' relative importance steadily declined.
Construction of stockyards s and highways decreased river traffic, diverting goods to other transit corridors and markets. Thousands of the most ambitious blacks left New Orleans and the state in the Great Migration around World War II and after, many for West Coast destinations.
In the post-war period, other Sun Belt metros/cities in the South and West surpassed New Orleans in population.
Censuses recorded New Orleans' slipping project among American cities.
By 1950, Houston, Dallas, and Atlanta exceeded New Orleans in size, and in 1960 Miami eclipsed New Orleans, even as the latter's populace reached what would be its historic peak that year. As with other older American metros/cities in the postwar period, highway assembly and suburban evolution drew inhabitants from the center town/city to newer housing outside.
The New Orleans urbane region continued expanding in population, however, just not as quickly as other primary cities in the Sun Belt.
New Orleans' economy had always been based more on trade and financial services than on manufacturing, but the city's mostly small manufacturing zone also shrank in the post World War II period.
Even with some economic evolution successes under the administrations of De - Lesseps "Chep" Morrison (1946 1961) and Victor "Vic" Schiro (1961 1970), urbane New Orleans' expansion rate persistently lagged behind more vigorous cities.
Together, these resulted in the most far-reaching shifts in New Orleans' 20th century history. A view of the New Orleans Central Business District as seen from the Mississippi River.
In the 20th century, New Orleans' government and company leaders believed they needed to drain and precarious outlying areas to furnish for the city's expansion.
Until then, urban evolution in New Orleans was largely limited to higher ground along the natural river levees and bayous.
New Orleans was vulnerable to flooding even before the city's footprint departed from the natural high ground near the Mississippi River.
In the late 20th century, however, scientists and New Orleans inhabitants gradually became aware of the city's increased vulnerability.
By the 1980s and 1990s, scientists observed that extensive, rapid, and ongoing erosion of the marshlands and swamp encircling New Orleans, especially that related to the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet Canal, had the unintended result of leaving the town/city more exposed to hurricane-induced catastrophic storm surges than earlier in its history.
Hurricane Katrina at its New Orleans landfall.
See also: Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans and Drainage in New Orleans New Orleans was catastrophically affected by what the University of California Berkeley's Dr.
Tens of thousands of inhabitants who had remained in the town/city were rescued or otherwise made their way to shelters of last resort at the Louisiana Superdome or the New Orleans Morial Convention Center.
More than 1,500 citizens were recorded as having died in Louisiana, most in New Orleans, and the rest are still unaccounted for. Before Hurricane Katrina, the town/city called for the first mandatory evacuation in its history, to be followed by another mandatory evacuation three years later with Hurricane Gustav.
The Enumeration Bureau in July 2006 estimated the populace of New Orleans to be 223,000; a subsequent study estimated that 32,000 additional inhabitants had moved to the town/city as of March 2007, bringing the estimated populace to 255,000, approximately 56% of the pre-Katrina populace level.
These estimates are somewhat lesser than a third estimate, based on mail bringy records, from the Greater New Orleans Community Data Center in June 2007, which pointed out that the town/city had regained approximately two-thirds of its pre-Katrina population. In 2008, the Enumeration Bureau revised its populace estimate for the town/city upward, to 336,644. Most recently, 2010 estimates show that neighborhoods that did not flood are near 100% of their pre-Katrina populations, and in some cases, exceed 100% of their pre-Katrina populations. Large conventions are being held again, such as those held by the American Library Association and American College of Cardiology. College football affairs such as the Bayou Classic, New Orleans Bowl, and Sugar Bowl returned for the 2006 2007 season.
The New Orleans Hornets (now titled the Pelicans) returned to the town/city fully for the 2007 2008 season, having partially spent the 2006 2007 season in Oklahoma City.
New Orleans successfully hosted the 2008 NBA All-Star Game and the 2008 BCS National Championship Game.
New Orleans and Tulane University hosted the Final Four Championship in 2012.
Also, an entirely new annual festival, "The Running of the Bulls New Orleans", was created in 2007. New Orleans is positioned at 29 57 53 N 90 4 14 W (29.964722, 90.070556) on the banks of the Mississippi River, approximately 105 miles (169 km) upriver from the Gulf of Mexico.
Enumeration Bureau, the town/city has a total region of 350 square miles (910 km2), of which 169 square miles (440 km2) is territory and 181 square miles (470 km2) (52%) is water. Orleans Parish is the smallest church by territory area in Louisiana.
New Orleans was originally settled on the natural levees or high ground, along the Mississippi River.
On the other hand, a report by the American Society of Civil Engineers claims that "New Orleans is subsiding (sinking)": " Subsidence, or settling of the ground surface, occurs naturally due to the consolidation and oxidation of organic soils (called "marsh" in New Orleans) and small-town groundwater pumping.
However, due to primary flood control structures being assembled upstream on the Mississippi River and levees being assembled around New Orleans, fresh layers of sediment are not replenishing the ground lost by subsidence. " A recent study by Tulane and Xavier University notes that 51% of New Orleans is at or above sea level, with the more densely populated areas generally on higher ground.
The average altitude of the town/city is presently between one and two feet (0.5 m) below sea level, with some portions of the town/city as high as 20 feet (6 m) at the base of the river levee in Uptown and the rest as low as 7 feet (2 m) below sea level in the farthest reaches of Eastern New Orleans. New Orleans has always had to consider the threat of hurricanes, but the risks are dramatically greater today due to coastal erosion from human interference. Since the beginning of the 20th century, it has been estimated that Louisiana has lost 2,000 square miles (5,000 km2) of coast (including many of its barrier islands), which once protected New Orleans against storm surge.
In 2006, Louisiana voters overwhelmingly adopted an amendment to the state's constitution to dedicate all revenues from off-shore drilling to restore Louisiana's eroding coast line. Congress has allocated $7 billion to bolster New Orleans' flood protection. According to a study by the National Academy of Engineering and the National Research Council, levees and floodwalls encircling New Orleans no matter how large or sturdy cannot furnish absolute protection against overtopping or failure in extreme affairs.
See also: Wards of New Orleans and Neighborhoods in New Orleans Bourbon Street, New Orleans, in 2003, looking towards Canal Street The Central Business District of New Orleans is positioned immediately north and west of the Mississippi River, and was historically called the "American Quarter" or "American Sector." New Orleans is world-famous for its abundance of unique architectural styles which reflect the city's historical roots and multicultural heritage.
Although New Orleans possesses various structures of nationwide architectural significance, it is equally, if not more, revered for its enormous, largely endured (even post-Katrina) historic assembled surrounding.
Thirteen of the small-town historic districts are administered by the New Orleans Historic District Landmarks Commission (HDLC), while one the French Quarter is administered by the Vieux Carre Commission (VCC).
New Orleans is also noted for its large, European-style Catholic cemeteries, which can be found throughout the city.
Pictured in the New Orleans horizon is One Shell Square (towards left), New Orleans' tallest building, standing at 697 ft (212 m)), as well as Place St.
The soft soils of New Orleans are susceptible to subsidence, and there was doubt about the feasibility of constructing large high rises in such an surrounding.
Developments in engineering throughout the twentieth century eventually made it possible to build sturdy foundations to support high rise structures in the city, and in the 1960s, the World Trade Center New Orleans and Plaza Tower were built, demonstrating the viability of tall high-rise buildings in New Orleans.
The petroleum boom of the 1970s and early 1980s redefined New Orleans' horizon with the evolution of the Poydras Street corridor.
Today, most of New Orleans' tallest buildings are clustered along Canal Street and Poydras Street in the Central Business District.
See also: Hurricane preparedness for New Orleans Hurricanes of Category 3 or greater passing inside 100 miles of New Orleans 1852 2005.
The climate of New Orleans is humid subtropical (Koppen climate classification Cfa), with short, generally mild winters and hot, humid summers; most suburbs and parts of Wards 9 and 15 fall in USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 9a, while the city's other 15 wards are rated 9b in whole. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 53.4 F (11.9 C) in January to 83.3 F (28.5 C) in July and August.
Hurricanes pose a harsh threat to the area, and the town/city is especially at threat because of its low elevation; because it is surrounded by water from the north, east, and south; and because of Louisiana's sinking coast. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, New Orleans is the nation's most vulnerable town/city to hurricanes. Indeed, portions of Greater New Orleans have been flooded by: the Grand Isle Hurricane of 1909, the New Orleans Hurricane of 1915, 1947 Fort Lauderdale Hurricane, Hurricane Flossy in 1956, Hurricane Betsy in 1965, Hurricane Georges in 1998, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, and Hurricane Gustav in 2008, with the flooding in Betsy being momentous and in a several neighborhoods severe, and that in Katrina being disastrous in the majority of the city. New Orleans experiences snow flurry only on rare occasions.
Population given for the City of New Orleans, not for Orleans Parish, before New Orleans combined suburbs and non-urban areas of Orleans Parish in 1874.
Map of ethnic distribution in New Orleans, 2010 U.S.
According to the 2010 Census, 343,829 citizens and 189,896 homeholds were in New Orleans.
People of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 5.3% of the population; 1.3% of New Orleans is Mexican, 1.3% Honduran, 0.4% Cuban, 0.3% Puerto Rican, and 0.3% Nicaraguan. The last populace estimate before Hurricane Katrina was 454,865, as of July 1, 2005. A populace analysis released in August 2007 estimated the populace to be 273,000, 60% of the pre-Katrina populace and an increase of about 50,000 since July 2006. A September 2007 report by The Greater New Orleans Community Data Center, which tracks populace based on U.S.
A 2006 study by researchers at Tulane University and the University of California, Berkeley determined that there are as many as 10,000 to 14,000 undocumented immigrants, many from Mexico, presently residing in New Orleans. Janet Murguia, president and chief executive officer of the National Council of La Raza, stated that there could be up to 120,000 Hispanic workers in New Orleans.
Many observers predicted that expansion would taper off, but the data center's analysis suggests that New Orleans and the encircling churches are benefiting from an economic migration resulting from the global financial crisis of 2008 2009. As of 2010, 90.31% of New Orleans inhabitants age 5 and older spoke English at home as a major language, while 4.84% spoke Spanish, 1.87% Vietnamese, and 1.05% spoke French.
In total, 9.69% of New Orleans's populace age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English. New Orleans' colonial history of French and Spanish settlement has resulted in a strong Catholic tradition.
In New Orleans and the encircling Louisiana Gulf Coast area, the dominant religion is Catholicism.
Within the Archdiocese of New Orleans (which includes not only the town/city but the encircling Parishes as well), 35.9% percent of the populace is Roman Catholic. The influence of Catholicism is reflected in many of the city's French and Spanish cultural traditions, including its many parochial schools, street names, architecture, and festivals, including Mardi Gras.
New Orleans also prominently has a distinct ive range of Louisiana Voodoo, due in part to syncretism with African and Afro-Caribbean Roman Catholic beliefs.
The fame of the voodoo practitioner Marie Laveau contributed to this, as did New Orleans' distinct ly Caribbean cultural influences. Although the tourism trade has firmly associated Voodoo with the city, only a small number of citizens are serious adherents to the religion.
Jewish settlers, primarily Sephardim, were part of New Orleans from the early nineteenth century.
By the 21st century, there were 10,000 Jews in New Orleans.
In the wake of Katrina, all New Orleans Jewish churchs lost members, but most re-opened in their initial locations.
See also: Hondurans in New Orleans, Italians in New Orleans, and Vietnamese in New Orleans As of 2011 there had been increases in the Hispanic populace in the New Orleans area, including in Kenner, central Metairie, and Terrytown in Jefferson Parish and easterly New Orleans and Mid-City in New Orleans proper. Prior to Hurricane Katrina there were several persons of Brazilian origin in the city, but after Katrina and by 2008 a populace emerged, with Portuguese speakers becoming the second most common English as a second language group in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans-sponsored ESL classes after the Spanish speakers.
Many of them moved from Brazilian communities in the Northeastern United States, Florida, and Georgia, and Brazilians settled throughout the New Orleans urbane area.
In January 2008 Bruce Nolan of the Houston Chronicle stated that the midrange of the various estimations and guesses of the New Orleans Brazilian populace wa 3,000 but that no entity or organization had determined exactly how many Brazilians resided in the city.
By 2008 many small churches, shops, and restaurants catering to Brazilians in the New Orleans region opened. The town/city of New Orleans faced a decreasing populace before and after Hurricane Katrina.
Beginning in 1960, the populace of the town/city decreased due to a several factors such as the city's reliance on petroleum and tourism, nationwide increases in suburbanization, and a migration of jobs to encircling churches. This economic and populace decline is linked to high levels of poverty, which in 1960 was the fifth highest of all US cities, and was almost twice the nationwide average in 2005, at 24.5%. Furthermore, New Orleans experienced an increase in residentiary segregation from 1900 to 1980, leaving the poor, who were disproportionately African American in low-lying locations inside the city's core, making them especially susceptible to flood and storm damage. Hurricane Katrina, which displaced 800,000 citizens in total, contributed decidedly to continue shrinking New Orleans' population.
As of 2010, the populace of New Orleans was at 76% of what it was in 2005. African Americans, renters, the elderly, and citizens with low income were disproportionately impacted by Hurricane Katrina compared to well-to-do and white residents. In the aftermath of Katrina, town/city government commissioned groups such as Bring New Orleans Back Commission, the New Orleans Neighborhood Rebuilding Plan, the Unified New Orleans Plan, and the Office of Recovery Management to contribute to plans addressing depopulation.
A tanker on the Mississippi River in New Orleans New Orleans has one of the biggest and busiest ports in the world, and urbane New Orleans is a center of maritime industry.
The New Orleans region also accounts for a momentous portion of the nation's petroleum refining and petrochemical production, and serves as a white-collar corporate base for onshore and offshore oil and natural gas production.
A top-50 research university, Tulane University, is positioned in New Orleans' Uptown neighborhood.
Metropolitan New Orleans is a primary county-wide core for the community care trade and boasts a small, globally competing manufacturing sector.
The Port of New Orleans is the 5th-largest port in the United States based on volume of cargo handled, and second-largest in the state after the Port of South Louisiana.
The Port of South Louisiana, also based in the New Orleans area, is the world's busiest in terms of bulk tonnage.
Many ship assembly, shipping, logistics, freight forwarding and commodity brokerage firms either are based in urbane New Orleans or maintain a large small-town presence.
Other companies either headquartered or with momentous operations in New Orleans include: Pan American Life Insurance, Pool Corp, Rolls-Royce, Newpark Resources, AT&T, Turbo - Squid, i - Seatz, IBM, Navtech, Superior Energy Services, Textron Marine & Land Systems, Mc - Dermott International, Pellerin Milnor, Lockheed Martin, Imperial Trading, Laitram, Harrah's Entertainment, Stewart Enterprises, Edison Chouest Offshore, Zatarain's, Waldemar S.
Perhaps more visible than any other sector, New Orleans' tourist and convention trade is a $5.5 billion juggernaut that accounts for 40 percent of New Orleans' tax revenues.
In 2004, the hospitality trade provided jobs to 85,000 citizens , making it New Orleans' top economic zone as calculated by employment totals. The town/city also hosts the World Cultural Economic Forum (WCEF).
The Michoud facility lies inside the enormous New Orleans Regional Business Park, also home to the National Finance Center, directed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Crescent Crown distribution center.
Navy's Space and Naval Warfare (SPAWAR) Systems Command, positioned inside the University of New Orleans Research and Technology Park in Gentilly, Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base New Orleans; and the command posts for the Marine Force Reserves in Federal City in Algiers.
New Orleans has many visitor attractions, from the world-renowned French Quarter; to St.
According to current travel guides, New Orleans is one of the top ten most-visited metros/cities in the United States; 10.1 million visitors came to New Orleans in 2004. Prior to Hurricane Katrina (2005), there were 265 hotels with 38,338 rooms in the Greater New Orleans Area.
A 2009 Travel + Leisure poll of "America's Favorite Cities" ranked New Orleans first in ten categories, the most first-place rankings of the 30 metros/cities included.
According to the poll, New Orleans is the best U.S.
Also in the French Quarter is the old New Orleans Mint, a former branch of the United States Mint which now operates as a exhibition, and The Historic New Orleans Collection, a exhibition and research and development office housing art and artifacts relating to the history of New Orleans and the Gulf South.
Close to the Quarter is the Treme community, which contains the New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park and the New Orleans African American Museum a site which is listed on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.
Unlike most other places in the United States, New Orleans has turn into widely known for its element of elegant decay.
The New Orleans Museum of Art (NOMA) positioned in City Park Art exhibitions in the town/city include the Contemporary Arts Center, the New Orleans Museum of Art (NOMA) in City Park, and the Ogden Museum of Southern Art.
It is home to the Audubon Nature Institute (which consists of Audubon Park, the Audubon Zoo, the Aquarium of the Americas, and the Audubon Insectarium), and home to plant nurseries which include Longue Vue House and Gardens and the New Orleans Botanical Garden.
Chalmette Battlefield and National Cemetery, positioned just south of the city, is the site of the 1815 Battle of New Orleans.
Main article: Music of New Orleans The New Orleans region is home to various celebrations, the most prominent of which is Carnival, often referred to as Mardi Gras.
The biggest of the city's many music celebrations is the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival.
Along with Jazz Fest, New Orleans' Voodoo Experience ("Voodoo Fest") and the Essence Music Festival are both large music celebrations featuring small-town and global artists.
Other primary celebrations held in the town/city include Southern Decadence, the French Quarter Festival, and the Tennessee Williams/ New Orleans Literary Festival.
This led to a substantial increase in the number of films shot in the New Orleans region and brought the nickname "Hollywood South." Films which have been filmed or produced in and around New Orleans include: Ray, Runaway Jury, The Pelican Brief, Glory Road, All the King's Men, Deja Vu, Last Holiday, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, 12 Years a Slave, and various others.
In 2006, work began on the Louisiana Film & Television studio complex, based in the Treme neighborhood. Louisiana began to offer similar tax incentives for music and theater productions in 2007, dominant many to begin referring to New Orleans as "Broadway South." New Orleans has always been a momentous center for music, highlighting its intertwined European, Latin American, and African cultures.
As the only North American town/city to have allowed slaves to gather in enhance and play their native music (largely in Congo Square, now positioned inside Louis Armstrong Park), New Orleans gave birth to an indigenous music: jazz.
The Louis Armstrong Park area, near the French Quarter in Treme, contains the New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park.
New Orleans' unique musical culture is further evident in its traditional funerals.
A spin on military brass band funerals, New Orleans traditional funerals feature sad music (mostly dirges and hymns) on the way to the cemetery and happier music (hot jazz) on the way back.
Much later in its musical development, New Orleans was home to a distinct ive brand of rhythm and blues that contributed greatly to the expansion of modern and roll.
An example of the New Orleans' sound in the 1960s is the #1 US hit "Chapel of Love" by the Dixie Cups, a song which knocked the Beatles out of the top spot on the Billboard Hot 100.
New Orleans became a hotbed for funk music in the 1960s and 1970s, and by the late 1980s, it had advanced its own localized variant of hip hop, called bounce music.
A cousin of bounce, New Orleans hip hop has seen commercial success locally and internationally, producing Lil Wayne, Master P, Birdman, Juvenile, Cash Money Records, and No Limit Records.
New Orleans' heavy metal bands like Eyehategod, Soilent Green, Crowbar, and Down have incorporated styles such as hardcore punk, doom metal, and southern modern to problematic an initial and heady brew of swampy and aggravated metal that has largely avoided standardization. Main articles: Cuisine of New Orleans, Louisiana Creole cuisine, and Cajun cuisine New Orleans food advanced from centuries of amalgamation of the small-town Creole, haute Creole, and New Orleans French cuisines.
New Orleans is known for specialties like beignets (locally pronounced like "ben-yays"), square-shaped fried pastries that could be called "French doughnuts" (served with cafe au lait made with a blend of coffee and chicory clean water only coffee); and Po-boy and Italian Muffuletta sandwiches; Gulf oysters on the half-shell, fried oysters, boiled crawfish, and other seafood; etouffee, jambalaya, gumbo, and other Creole dishes; and the Monday favorite of red beans and rice.
(Louis Armstrong often signed his letters, "Red beans and ricely yours".) Another New Orleans specialty is the praline small-town / pr li n/, a candy made with brown sugar, granulated sugar, cream, butter, and pecans.
New Orleans has advanced a distinct ive small-town dialect of American English over the years that is neither Cajun nor the stereotypical Southern accent, so often misportrayed by film and tv actors.
This dialect is quite similar to New York City region accents such as "Brooklynese", to citizens unfamiliar with either. There are many theories regarding how it came to be, but it likely resulted from New Orleans' geographic isolation by water and the fact that the town/city was a primary immigration port throughout the 19th century.
New Orleans Saints American football NFL Mercedes-Benz Superdome (73,208) 1967 1 73,043 New Orleans Pelicans Basketball NBA Smoothie King Center (16,867; 18,500 in NBA Playoff games) 2002 0 18,444 New Orleans Baby Cakes Baseball PCL Shrine on Airline (10,000) 1993 14 11,012 The fleur-de-lis is often a motif of New Orleans and its sports teams.
New Orleans' experienced sports squads include the 2009 Super Bowl XLIV champion New Orleans Saints (NFL), the New Orleans Pelicans (NBA), and the New Orleans Baby Cakes (PCL). It is also home to the Big Easy Rollergirls, an all-female flat track roller derby team, and the New Orleans Blaze, a women's football team. A small-town group of investors began conducting a study in 2007 to see if the town/city could support a Major League Soccer team. New Orleans is also home to two NCAA Division I athletic programs, the Tulane Green Wave of the American Athletic Conference and the UNO Privateers of the Southland Conference.
New Orleans is also home to the Fair Grounds Race Course, the nation's third-oldest thoroughbred track.
Each year New Orleans plays host to the Sugar Bowl, the New Orleans Bowl and the Zurich Classic, a golf tournament on the PGA Tour.
New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park See also: List of mayors of New Orleans The New Orleans cityscape in early-February 2007.
The City of New Orleans is a political subdivision of the State of Louisiana.
The Criminal Sheriff, Marlin Gusman, maintains the church prison system, provides security for the Criminal District Court, and provides backup for the New Orleans Police Department on an as-needed basis.
The town/city of New Orleans and the church of Orleans operate as a consolidated city-parish government. Before the town/city of New Orleans became co-extensive with Orleans Parish, Orleans Parish was home to various lesser communities.
The initial city of New Orleans was composed of what are now the 1st through 9th wards.
New Orleans' government is now largely centralized in the town/city council and mayor's office, but it maintains a number of relics from earlier systems when various sections of the town/city ran much of their affairs separately.
For example, New Orleans has seven propel tax assessors, each with their own staff, representing various districts of the city, clean water one centralized office.
On February 18, 2010, Errol Williams was propel as the first citywide assessor. The New Orleans government operates both a fire department and the New Orleans Emergency Medical Services.
See also: New Orleans Police Department and Culture of New Orleans Crime Crime has been recognized as an ongoing lured for New Orleans, although the copy is outside the view of most visitors to the city.
In 1979, 242 killings was the first record of homicides broken in New Orleans.
In 1994 New Orleans was titled the Murder Capitol of America as the town/city hit a historic peak of 424 killings.
In 2012, Travel+Leisure titled New Orleans the #2 "America's Dirtiest City", down from a #1 "Dirtiest" status of the previous year.
Across New Orleans, homicides peaked in 1994 at 86 murders per 100,000 residents. By 2009, despite a 17% decline in violent crime in the city, the homicide rate remained among the highest in the United States, at between 55 and 64 per 100,000 residents. In 2010, New Orleans was 49.1 per 100,000, and in 2012, that number climbed to 53.2. This is the highest rate among metros/cities of 250,000 populace or larger. Offenders in New Orleans are almost exclusively black men, with 97% of the offenders being black and 95% being male. In January 2007, a several thousand New Orleans inhabitants marched through town/city streets and gathered at City Hall for a rally demanding police and town/city leaders tackle the crime problem.
Later, the town/city implemented checkpoints amid late evening hours in lured areas. The murder rate climbed 14% higher in 2011 to 57.88 per 100,000 retaining its status as the 'Murder Capital of the United States' and rising to 21 in the world. In 2016, as stated to annual crime statistics released by the New Orleans Police Department, there were 176 murders in the city. Loyola University New Orleans, a Jesuit college founded in 1912.
University of New Orleans, a large enhance research college in the city.
Southern University at New Orleans, an historically black college in the Southern University System.
New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary New Orleans Public Schools (NOPS) is the name given to the city's enhance school system.
In the years dominant up to Hurricane Katrina, the New Orleans enhance school fitness was widely recognized as the lowest performing school precinct in Louisiana.
Caldas, only 12 of the 103 enhance schools inside the town/city limits of New Orleans showed reasonably good performance at the beginning of the 21st century. Following Hurricane Katrina, the state of Louisiana took over most of the schools inside the fitness (all schools that fell into a nominal "worst-performing" metric); many of these schools, in addition to the rest that were not subject to state takeover, were later granted operating charters giving them administrative independence from the Orleans Parish School Board, the Recovery School District and/or the Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education (BESE).
At the start of the 2014 school year, all enhance school students in the NOPS fitness will attend these autonomous enhance charter schools, making New Orleans "the nation's first completely privatized enhance school precinct in the nation." The last several years have witnessed momentous and sustained gains in student achievement, as outside operators like KIPP, the Algiers Charter School Network, and the Capital One University of New Orleans Charter School Network have assumed control of dozens of schools.
The most recent release of annual school performance scores (October 2009) demonstrated continued expansion in the academic performance of New Orleans' enhance schools.
If the scores of all enhance schools in New Orleans (Orleans Parish School Board-chartered, Recovery School District-chartered, Recovery School District-operated, etc.) are considered, an overall school precinct performance score of 70.6 results.
There are various academic and enhance libraries and archives in New Orleans, including Monroe Library at Loyola University, Howard-Tilton Memorial Library at Tulane University, the Law Library of Louisiana, and the Earl K.
The New Orleans Public Library includes 13 locations, most of which were damaged by Hurricane Katrina.
Other research archives are positioned at the Historic New Orleans Collection and the Old U.S.
The Louisiana Historical Association was established in New Orleans in 1889.
The design for the new building was undertaken by the New Orleans architect Thomas Sully. See also: Culture of New Orleans News & entertainment media That action briefly the made New Orleans the biggest city in the nation without a daily newspaper, until the Baton Rouge journal The Advocate began a New Orleans version in September 2012.
(The Picayune has not returned to daily bringy.) With the resumption of daily print editions from the Times-Picayune and the launch of the New Orleans version of The Advocate, now The New Orleans Advocate, the town/city now has two daily newspapers for the first time since the afternoon States-Item ceased printed announcement on May 31, 1980.
In addition to the daily newspapers, weekly publications include The Louisiana Weekly and Gambit Weekly. Also in wide circulation is the Clarion Herald, the journal of the Archdiocese of New Orleans.
Greater New Orleans is the 54th biggest Designated Market Area (DMA) in the U.S., serving 566,960 homes. Major tv network affiliates serving the region include: WTUL, a small-town college airways broadcast (Tulane University), broadcasts a wide array of programming, including 20th century classical, reggae, jazz, showtunes, indie rock, electronic music, soul/funk, goth, punk, hip hop, New Orleans music, opera, folk, hardcore, Americana, country, blues, Latin, cheese, techno, local, world, ska, swing and big band, kids shows, and even news programming from Democracy - Now.
Many films and advertisements have in part or whole been filmed in the city, as have tv programs such as The Real World: New Orleans in 2000, The Real World: Back to New Orleans in 2009 and 2010 and Bad Girls Club: New Orleans in 2011. A New Orleans streetcar traveling down Canal Street Main article: Streetcars in New Orleans New Orleans has four active streetcar lines: The Canal Streetcar Line uses the Riverfront line tracks from the intersection of Canal Street and Poydras Street, down Canal Street, then chapters off and ends at the cemeteries at City Park Avenue, with a spur running from the intersection of Canal and Carrollton Avenue to the entrance of City Park at Esplanade, near the entrance to the New Orleans Museum of Art.
Claude Streetcar Line opened on January 28, 2013 as the Loyola-UPT Line running along Loyola Avenue from New Orleans Union Passenger Terminal to Canal Street, then closing along Canal Street to the river, and on weekends on the Riverfront line tracks to French Market.
The city's flat landscape, simple street grid, and mild winters, facilitate bicycle ridership, helping to make New Orleans eighth among U.S.
Charles Avenue. In 2009, Tulane University contributed to these accomplishments by converting the chief street through its Uptown campus, Mc - Alister Place, into a pedestrian mall opened to bicycle traffic. In 2010, work began to add a 3.1-mile (5.0 km) bicycle corridor from the French Quarter to Lakeview, and 14 miles (23 km) of additional bike lanes on existing streets. New Orleans has also been recognized as a place with an abundance of uniquely decorated and uniquely designed bicycles. Public transit in the town/city is directed by the New Orleans Regional Transit Authority ("RTA").
See also: List of streets of New Orleans New Orleans is served by Interstate 10, Interstate 610 and Interstate 510.
In the far easterly part of the city, New Orleans East, it is known as the Eastern Expressway.
I-610 provides a direct shortcut for traffic passing through New Orleans via I-10, allowing that traffic to bypass I-10's southward curve.
In the future, New Orleans will have another interstate highway, Interstate 49, which will be extended from its current end in Lafayette to the city.
New Orleans is home to many bridges, the Crescent City Connection is perhaps the most notable.
It serves as New Orleans' primary bridge athwart the Mississippi River, providing a connection between the city's downtown on the eastbank and its westbank suburbs.
Other bridges that cross the Mississippi River in the New Orleans region are the Huey P.
The Twin Span Bridge, a five-mile (8 km) causeway in easterly New Orleans, carries I-10 athwart Lake Pontchartrain.
Also in easterly New Orleans, Interstate 510/LA 47 travels athwart the Intracoastal Waterway/Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Canal via the Paris Road Bridge, connecting New Orleans East and suburban Chalmette.
Built in the 1950s (southbound span) and 1960s (northbound span), the bridges connect New Orleans with its suburbs on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain via Metairie.
The urbane region is served by the Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport, positioned in the suburb of Kenner.
New Orleans also has a several county-wide airports positioned throughout the urbane area.
These include the Lakefront Airport, Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base New Orleans (locally known as Callender Field) in the suburb of Belle Chasse and Southern Seaplane Airport, also positioned in Belle Chasse.
New Orleans International suffered some damage as a result of Hurricane Katrina, but as of April 2007, it contained the most traffic and is the busiest airport in the state of Louisiana and the sixth busiest in the Southeast.
The New Orleans Union Passenger Terminal is the central rail depot, and is served by three trains: the Crescent, operating between New Orleans and New York City; the City of New Orleans, operating between New Orleans and Chicago; and the Sunset Limited, operating through New Orleans between Orlando and Los Angeles.
As time has passed, especially since the January 2006 culmination of the stone of damaged tracks east of New Orleans by their owner, CSX Transportation, the obstacles to restoration of the Sunset Limited's full route have been more managerial and political than physical.
The New Orleans Public Belt Railroad provides interchange services between the barns s.
Recently, many have proposed extending New Orleans' enhance transit fitness by adding light rail routes from downtown, along Airline Highway through the airport to Baton Rouge and from downtown to Slidell and the Mississippi Gulf Coast.
Ferries connecting New Orleans with Algiers (left) and Gretna (right) New Orleans has had continuous ferry service since 1827, with three routes in current operation.
The Canal Street Ferry (or Algiers Ferry) joins downtown New Orleans at the foot of Canal Street with the National Historic Landmark District of Algiers Point on the other side of the Mississippi River ("West Bank" in small-town parlance) and is prominent with tourists and locals alike.
Main article: List of citizens from New Orleans New Orleans has ten sister cities: New Orleans portal Buildings and architecture of New Orleans New Orleans Mint List of citizens from New Orleans New Orleans in fiction New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park New Orleans Mardi Gras New Orleans urbane region New Orleans Suite, Duke Ellington recording Streetcars in New Orleans USS New Orleans Official records for New Orleans have been kept at MSY since 1 May 1946. Additional records from Audubon Park dating back to 1893 have also been included.
"How to Say 'New Orleans' Correctly".
Cultures well represented in New Orleans' history include French, Native American, African, Spanish, Cajun, German, Irish, Italian, Jewish, Latino, and Vietnamese.
"New Orleans: The Birthplace of Jazz" (primarily excerpted from Jazz: A History of America's Music).
Institute of New Orleans History and Culture at Gwynedd-Mercy College David Billings, "New Orleans: A Choice Between Destruction and Reparations", The Fellowship of Reconciliation, November/December 2005 Bring New Orleans Back a b "Home Rule Charter of the City of New Orleans as amended through January 1, 1996".
Patriotic Fire : Andrew Jackson and Jean Laffite at the Battle of New Orleans.
Lewis, Peirce F., New Orleans: The Making of an Urban Landscape, Santa Fe, 2003, p.
Rupert, "The Manumission of Slaves in New Orleans, 1827-1846", Southern Studies, Summer 1980 Nystrom, New Orleans after the Civil War: Race, Politics, and a New Birth of Freedom, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010, p.
New Orleans City Guide.
Lewis, Peirce F., New Orleans: The Making of an Urban Landscape, Santa Fe, 2003, p.
Germany, Kent B., New Orleans After the Promises: Poverty, Citizenship and the Search for the Great Society, Athens, 2007, pp.
Glassman, James K., "New Orleans: I have Seen the Future, and It's Houston", The Atlantic Monthly, July 1978 "Why is New Orleans Sinking?" "New Orleans Sits Atop Giant Landslide".
"Mayor: Parts of New Orleans to reopen".
"New Orleans' populace estimate was low by 25,000, Enumeration says", The Times-Picayune, January 8, 2010.
"New Orleans Braces for Convention Comeback".
"New Orleans Convention and Visitors Bureau".
Nola.com, New Orleans a b c The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System: What Went Wrong and Why.
"New Study Maps Rate of New Orleans Sinking".
Higher Ground A study finds that New Orleans has plenty of real estate above sea level that is being underutilized.
"New Orleans People, Pets Flee Flood (photographs)" National Geographic, August 30, 2005.
Floodwaters, tensions rise in New Orleans.
"Levees Cannot Fully Eliminate Risk of Flooding to New Orleans" National Academy of Sciences, April 24, 2009 New Orleans, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina (1999), pp 108 109.
"Station Name: LA NEW ORLEANS INTL AP".
"WMO Climate Normals for NEW ORLEANS, LA 1961 1990".
Ike's effects on New Orleans "The Weather Channel's Special Report: Vulnerable Cities New Orleans, Louisiana".
"New Orleans (city), Louisiana".
"New Orleans Archdiocese (Catholic-Hierarchy)".
New Orleans, "now under the flag of the United States, is still very much a Caribbean city...." New Orleans is described as "a Caribbean city, an exuberant, semi-tropical city, perhaps the most hedonistic town/city in the United States".
New Orleans "is often called the northernmost Caribbean city".
"Hispanic populace booms in Kenner and elsewhere in New Orleans area" (Archive).
"Constructing New Orleans, Constructing Race: A Population History of New Orleans".
"Concentrated Poverty in New Orleans and Other American Cities".
"Race Relations and the Residential Segregation in New Orleans: Two Centuries of Paradox".
"Reconstruction of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina: a research perspective".
"Planning, Population Loss and Equity in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina".
"Equity Planning in Post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans: Lessons from te Ninth Ward".
"Greater New Orleans, Inc.
City of New Orleans, Louisiana Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, for the year ended December 31, 2008 Retrieved 2011-02-03 "New Orleans Tourism Marketing Corporation" (PDF).
"New Orleans Online".
"New York Food Journal Guide to New Orleans Street Food".
"History of the New Orleans Blaze" (PDF).
"New Orleans and Major League Soccer?".
"New Orleans murder rate on the rise again".
"Police chief calls New Orleans top murder project misleading".
"Even with drop in crime, New Orleans' murder rate continues to lead nation".
CRIME IN NEW ORLEANS: ANALYZING CRIME TRENDS AND NEW ORLEANS' RESPONSES TO CRIME, Charles Wellford, Ph.D., Brenda J.
"New Orleans mayoral candidates can agree: Crime is critical issue".
"New Orleans homicides jump by 14 percent in 2011".
"New Orleans last homicide of 2016 preliminarily ruled justifiable, NOPD says." "New Orleans nearing a 'privatized' enhance school system".
University of New Orleans.
New Orleans Public Library.
Historic New Orleans Collection.
WTUL New Orleans WTUL NEW ORLEANS Schedule Real World: Back to New Orleans Trailer; Vevmo New Orleans Regional Transit Authority.
"Consultant Studies New Orleans Rail Project Moves Back into Area Office After Hurricane".
"New Orleans Nicknames".
"New Orleans "The City That Care Forgot" and Other Nicknames A Preliminary Investigation".
New Orleans Public Library.
Nathalie Dessens, Creole City: A Chronicle of Early American New Orleans.
Rien Fertel, Imagining the Creole City: The Rise of Literary Culture in Nineteenth-Century New Orleans.
Marler, The Merchants' Capital: New Orleans and the Political Economy of the Nineteenth-Century South.
Powell, The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans.
La - Kisha Michelle Simmons, Crescent City Girls: The Lives of Young Black Women in Segregated New Orleans.
Rebecca Solnit and Rebecca Snedeker, Unfathomable City: A New Orleans Atlas.
Official Website of the City of New Orleans Official Tourism Website of the City of New Orleans New Orleans Collection, 1770 1904 from the New-York Historical Society Geology and Hurricane-Protection Strategies in the Greater New Orleans Area Louisiana Geological Survey printed announcement on geology of New Orleans Flag of New Orleans, Louisiana.svg City of New Orleans Wards and neighborhoods of Orleans Parish/New Orleans, Louisiana New Orleans urbane region
Categories:
New Orleans - Cities in Louisiana - Cities in the New Orleans urbane region - Consolidated city-counties in the United States - Former state capitals in the United States - Louisiana churches on the Mississippi River - Louisiana populated places on the Mississippi River - Parish seats in Louisiana - Polders - Port metros/cities and suburbs of the United States Gulf Coast - Populated coastal places in Louisiana - Populated places established in 1718 - 1718 establishments in New France - Colonial Louisiana
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